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Jus ad Bellum When is it right to go to war? Just Authority Just cause Just intention Proportionality Likelihood of success Last Resort concerns the justice of peace agreements after the conflict is over. (1983)ĭivision of Just War Theory Jus post bellum Jus ad Bellum Jus in Bello & &.

Most recently formally adopted by the Roman Catholic Church in the Catholic Bishops of America’s pastoral letter ‘The Promise of Peace: God’s Promise and our Response’.

16th C Suarez & Vitoria added proportionality and reasonable chance of success.

Thomas Aquinas drew together Christian thinking on War in ‘Summa Theologiae’ emphasising former ideas and in particular ‘just cause.’.

They said war is only acceptable when waged by proper authorities, its intention is to restore peace and it is the last resort.

St Ambrose and St Augustine were first Christian developers of the idea.

They identified the principle that war in self defence was just.

Goes back to ancient philosophers such as Aristotle and Cicero.

Pacifism – the belief that all violence, in all circumstances is wrong.

Realism – Normal moral rules cannot be applied to how countries act in times of war, ethics has nothing to do with war.

Just War Theory – the belief that war can be justified if it meets certain criteria.

How to apply the theories we have studied to issues relating to war and peace.The theories of ethical and religious pacifism.The principles of ‘Just War’ and its application.